Med Term Chapter 6 Directional Terms Proximal and Distal

The wrist is ________________ to the fingers
The knee is _________________ to the thigh.
The ankle is ________________ to the toes.
The fingers are ______________ to the elbow.
The toes are _________________ to the knee.
The thigh is _________________ to the ankle.
The fingers are ______________ to the wrist.
The heel is __________________ to the knee.
The forearm is _______________ to the elbow.

Med Term Chapter 6 Directional Terms

1. toward the body surface:
2. toward the midline:
3. downward; toward the feet:
4. away from the point of attachment:
5. tail; toward the tail:
6. front:
7. upward; toward the head:
8. lying face down:
9. within the body:
10. toward the side:
11. lying on back; face up:
12. back side of the body:
13. toward the point of attachment:

Med Term Chapter 6 Notes

Chapter 6 Notes

ilium = bony hip
ileum = small intestine

Cell parts
1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell membrane

Cells:
Symmetric – cells of the body except sex cells
Stem – underdifferential cells that give rise to specialized cells

sex cells(gametes) = eggs and sperm

Tissue 4 types
1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Nerve tissue
4. Muscle tissue

Body System Organs (11)
1. Cardiovascular – circulatory system
2. Lymphatic – protects & gives immunity
3. Respiratory – internal (cells) and external (breathing)
4. Digestive
5. Urinary – kidney, bladder
6. Reproductive – produces offspring
7. Muscular – connected to skeletal
8. Skeletal – connected to muscular
9. Nervous
10. Integumentary – skin, hair, nails
11. Endocrine – hormonal

anatomy – study of structure
physiology – study of function

 
anatomical planes – imaginary flat surfaces used to identify position of the body

PLANES

Position Name Directional
front/back frontal plane front/back anterior/posterior ventral/dorsal

left/right sagittal plane side – lateral

top/bottom transverse plane superior/inferior cephalad/inferior

ventral and antero mean front

anterior/posterior – plane that divides the body – frontal plane
ventral/dorsal – plane that divides the body – frontal plane

superficial – near the surface, closer to the surface. Skin is superficial to muscle
deep – within – opposite of superficial [it’s either on the surface or it’s deep]


POSITIONS
anatomic position – position that a person has while standing erect with the arms at the sides and palms forward
decubitus – lying down

prone – facedown supine – lying on back – face up
pronate supinate
pronation (palms down) supination (palms up)

body is made u of 2 regions: torso and extremities

Abdomen – 4 quadrants

right upper quadrant | left upper quadrant
RUQ | LUQ
|
----------------------+----------------------------
|
RLQ | LLQ
right lower quadrant | left lower quadrant

Nine atonomical positions
 
right hypochondriac |epigastric | left hypochondriac
| |
____________________________|_____________|________________
| |
right lumbar | umbilical | left lumbar
____________________________|_____________|________________
| |
right inguinal | hypogastric | left inguinal
| |

CAVITIES
1. Cranial
2. Spinal Note: cranial and spinal make up dorsal cavity
3. Thoracic [thoracic and abdominal separated by diaphragm
4. Abdominal
5. Pelvic (Note thoracic, abdominal, pelvic make up ventral cavity)
peritoneum lines the belly and every internal organ
parietal peritoneum – (outside) lines abdominal and pelvic walls – outside layer
visceral peritoneum (inside) contains large folds that wear in between the organs binding them to one another and to the walls of the cavity – inside lines of organs
parietinitis - inflammation of parietal peritoneum

NOTE: osis typically means condition but also increased condition

inflammation – tissue reaction to injury recognized by PAIN, HEAT, REDNESS, SWELLING

hypertrophy – size of cells increase
hyperplasia – abnormal increase in number of normal cells (does not mean cancerous)

anaplastic – characteristics of carcinoma

-plasia = development/formation/growth
dys – pain
an ana – without
hypo – below
hyper – excessive
ana – upward, excessive, again

Med Term Chapter 6 Words

1 transthoracic ……………… 1 blue condition of extremities
2 thoracotomy ……………… 2 bones of fingers and toes
3 thoracic ……………… 3 directional term 4 middle side
4 posterosuperior ……………… 4 enlargement of extremities
5 podiatrist ……………… 5 organ enlargement frm increase of cell size
6 plantar ……………… 6 hernia/protusion of umbilicus
7 phalanges ……………… 7 incision into chest
8 peritoneal ……………… 8 increased body temperature
9 palmar ……………… 9 increased growth/increased development
10 oophalorrhexis ……………… 10 inflammation of finger or toe
11 oophalocele ……………… 11 inflammation of the brain
12 oomphaloma ……………… 12 instrument record brain's electrical impulses
13 mediolateral ……………… 13 one who specializes in foot care
14 hypoplasia ……………… 14 pertaining to abdomen & chest
15 hypertrophy ……………… 15 pertaining to both sides
16 hyperpyrexia ……………… 16 pertaining to femor
17 hyperplasia ……………… 17 pertaining to peritoneum
18 herniorraphy ……………… 18 pertaining to sole of foot
19 femural ……………… 19 pertaining to the chest
20 encephalitis ……………… 20 pertaining to the palm
21 electroencephalograph ……………… 21 repair of the hand
22 dermotosis ……………… 22 rupture of umbilicus
23 dactylospasm ……………… 23 situated behind & above
24 dactyloitis ……………… 24 skin condition
25 chiroplasty ……………… 25 suture of a hernia
26 cephalad ……………… 26 through or across chest
27 bilateral ……………… 27 toward the head
28 afebrile ……………… 28 tumor of belly button
29 acromegaly ……………… 29 twitching of a digit
30 acrocyanosis ……………… 30 under development
31 abdominothoracic ……………… 31 without fever

Med Term Chapter 6 Synonyms

1 ventral ……………… 1 abdominocentesis
2 tailbone ……………… 2 coccyx
3 side ……………… 3 digits
4 redness ……………… 4 erythema
5 podogram ……………… 5 finger/toe bones
6 phalages ……………… 6 fingerprint
7 fingers, toes ……………… 7 footprint
8 face up ……………… 8 front
9 face down ……………… 9 front
10 edema ……………… 10 heat
11 dolor ……………… 11 lateral
12 dactylogram ……………… 12 navel
13 chirospasm ……………… 13 neck
14 chest ……………… 14 omphalus
15 cervical ……………… 15 pain
16 calor ……………… 16 prone
17 belly button ……………… 17 supine
18 belly button ……………… 18 swelling
19 belly button ……………… 19 thorax
20 antero ……………… 20 tummy tuck
21 abdominoplasty ……………… 21 umbilicus
22 abdominal paracentesis ……………… 22 writers cramp

Med Term Chapter 6 synonyms sort 2

1 antero ……………… 1 dorsal
2 caudo ……………… 2 superior
3 cephalo ……………… 3 inferior
4 disto ……………… 4 caudad or caudal
5 dorso ……………… 5 anterior
6 infero ……………… 6 distal
7 latero ……………… 7 medial, median
8 medio ……………… 8 ventral
9 postero ……………… 9 lateral
10 proximo ……………… 10 chest
11 supero ……………… 11 cephalad
12 thoraox ……………… 12 proximal
13 ventro ……………… 13 posterior

Med Term Chapter 6 synonyms sort 1

1 antero ……………… 1 ventral
2 postero ……………… 2 lateral
3 ventro ……………… 3 chest
4 dorso ……………… 4 proximal
5 medio ……………… 5 posterior
6 latero ……………… 6 medial, median
7 supero ……………… 7 anterior
8 infero ……………… 8 inferior
9 proximo ……………… 9 distal
10 disto ……………… 10 superior
11 caudo ……………… 11 caudad or caudal
12 cephalo ……………… 12 dorsal
13 thoraox ……………… 13 cephalad