Med Term Chapter 6 Directional Terms Proximal and Distal

The wrist is ________________ to the fingers
The knee is _________________ to the thigh.
The ankle is ________________ to the toes.
The fingers are ______________ to the elbow.
The toes are _________________ to the knee.
The thigh is _________________ to the ankle.
The fingers are ______________ to the wrist.
The heel is __________________ to the knee.
The forearm is _______________ to the elbow.

Med Term Chapter 6 Directional Terms

1. toward the body surface:
2. toward the midline:
3. downward; toward the feet:
4. away from the point of attachment:
5. tail; toward the tail:
6. front:
7. upward; toward the head:
8. lying face down:
9. within the body:
10. toward the side:
11. lying on back; face up:
12. back side of the body:
13. toward the point of attachment:

Med Term Chapter 6 Notes

Chapter 6 Notes

ilium = bony hip
ileum = small intestine

Cell parts
1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell membrane

Cells:
Symmetric – cells of the body except sex cells
Stem – underdifferential cells that give rise to specialized cells

sex cells(gametes) = eggs and sperm

Tissue 4 types
1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Nerve tissue
4. Muscle tissue

Body System Organs (11)
1. Cardiovascular – circulatory system
2. Lymphatic – protects & gives immunity
3. Respiratory – internal (cells) and external (breathing)
4. Digestive
5. Urinary – kidney, bladder
6. Reproductive – produces offspring
7. Muscular – connected to skeletal
8. Skeletal – connected to muscular
9. Nervous
10. Integumentary – skin, hair, nails
11. Endocrine – hormonal

anatomy – study of structure
physiology – study of function

 
anatomical planes – imaginary flat surfaces used to identify position of the body

PLANES

Position Name Directional
front/back frontal plane front/back anterior/posterior ventral/dorsal

left/right sagittal plane side – lateral

top/bottom transverse plane superior/inferior cephalad/inferior

ventral and antero mean front

anterior/posterior – plane that divides the body – frontal plane
ventral/dorsal – plane that divides the body – frontal plane

superficial – near the surface, closer to the surface. Skin is superficial to muscle
deep – within – opposite of superficial [it’s either on the surface or it’s deep]


POSITIONS
anatomic position – position that a person has while standing erect with the arms at the sides and palms forward
decubitus – lying down

prone – facedown supine – lying on back – face up
pronate supinate
pronation (palms down) supination (palms up)

body is made u of 2 regions: torso and extremities

Abdomen – 4 quadrants

right upper quadrant | left upper quadrant
RUQ | LUQ
|
----------------------+----------------------------
|
RLQ | LLQ
right lower quadrant | left lower quadrant

Nine atonomical positions
 
right hypochondriac |epigastric | left hypochondriac
| |
____________________________|_____________|________________
| |
right lumbar | umbilical | left lumbar
____________________________|_____________|________________
| |
right inguinal | hypogastric | left inguinal
| |

CAVITIES
1. Cranial
2. Spinal Note: cranial and spinal make up dorsal cavity
3. Thoracic [thoracic and abdominal separated by diaphragm
4. Abdominal
5. Pelvic (Note thoracic, abdominal, pelvic make up ventral cavity)
peritoneum lines the belly and every internal organ
parietal peritoneum – (outside) lines abdominal and pelvic walls – outside layer
visceral peritoneum (inside) contains large folds that wear in between the organs binding them to one another and to the walls of the cavity – inside lines of organs
parietinitis - inflammation of parietal peritoneum

NOTE: osis typically means condition but also increased condition

inflammation – tissue reaction to injury recognized by PAIN, HEAT, REDNESS, SWELLING

hypertrophy – size of cells increase
hyperplasia – abnormal increase in number of normal cells (does not mean cancerous)

anaplastic – characteristics of carcinoma

-plasia = development/formation/growth
dys – pain
an ana – without
hypo – below
hyper – excessive
ana – upward, excessive, again

Med Term Chapter 6 Words

1 transthoracic ……………… 1 blue condition of extremities
2 thoracotomy ……………… 2 bones of fingers and toes
3 thoracic ……………… 3 directional term 4 middle side
4 posterosuperior ……………… 4 enlargement of extremities
5 podiatrist ……………… 5 organ enlargement frm increase of cell size
6 plantar ……………… 6 hernia/protusion of umbilicus
7 phalanges ……………… 7 incision into chest
8 peritoneal ……………… 8 increased body temperature
9 palmar ……………… 9 increased growth/increased development
10 oophalorrhexis ……………… 10 inflammation of finger or toe
11 oophalocele ……………… 11 inflammation of the brain
12 oomphaloma ……………… 12 instrument record brain's electrical impulses
13 mediolateral ……………… 13 one who specializes in foot care
14 hypoplasia ……………… 14 pertaining to abdomen & chest
15 hypertrophy ……………… 15 pertaining to both sides
16 hyperpyrexia ……………… 16 pertaining to femor
17 hyperplasia ……………… 17 pertaining to peritoneum
18 herniorraphy ……………… 18 pertaining to sole of foot
19 femural ……………… 19 pertaining to the chest
20 encephalitis ……………… 20 pertaining to the palm
21 electroencephalograph ……………… 21 repair of the hand
22 dermotosis ……………… 22 rupture of umbilicus
23 dactylospasm ……………… 23 situated behind & above
24 dactyloitis ……………… 24 skin condition
25 chiroplasty ……………… 25 suture of a hernia
26 cephalad ……………… 26 through or across chest
27 bilateral ……………… 27 toward the head
28 afebrile ……………… 28 tumor of belly button
29 acromegaly ……………… 29 twitching of a digit
30 acrocyanosis ……………… 30 under development
31 abdominothoracic ……………… 31 without fever

Med Term Chapter 6 Synonyms

1 ventral ……………… 1 abdominocentesis
2 tailbone ……………… 2 coccyx
3 side ……………… 3 digits
4 redness ……………… 4 erythema
5 podogram ……………… 5 finger/toe bones
6 phalages ……………… 6 fingerprint
7 fingers, toes ……………… 7 footprint
8 face up ……………… 8 front
9 face down ……………… 9 front
10 edema ……………… 10 heat
11 dolor ……………… 11 lateral
12 dactylogram ……………… 12 navel
13 chirospasm ……………… 13 neck
14 chest ……………… 14 omphalus
15 cervical ……………… 15 pain
16 calor ……………… 16 prone
17 belly button ……………… 17 supine
18 belly button ……………… 18 swelling
19 belly button ……………… 19 thorax
20 antero ……………… 20 tummy tuck
21 abdominoplasty ……………… 21 umbilicus
22 abdominal paracentesis ……………… 22 writers cramp

Med Term Chapter 6 synonyms sort 2

1 antero ……………… 1 dorsal
2 caudo ……………… 2 superior
3 cephalo ……………… 3 inferior
4 disto ……………… 4 caudad or caudal
5 dorso ……………… 5 anterior
6 infero ……………… 6 distal
7 latero ……………… 7 medial, median
8 medio ……………… 8 ventral
9 postero ……………… 9 lateral
10 proximo ……………… 10 chest
11 supero ……………… 11 cephalad
12 thoraox ……………… 12 proximal
13 ventro ……………… 13 posterior

Med Term Chapter 6 synonyms sort 1

1 antero ……………… 1 ventral
2 postero ……………… 2 lateral
3 ventro ……………… 3 chest
4 dorso ……………… 4 proximal
5 medio ……………… 5 posterior
6 latero ……………… 6 medial, median
7 supero ……………… 7 anterior
8 infero ……………… 8 inferior
9 proximo ……………… 9 distal
10 disto ……………… 10 superior
11 caudo ……………… 11 caudad or caudal
12 cephalo ……………… 12 dorsal
13 thoraox ……………… 13 cephalad

Med Term Chapter 6 synonyms

1 antero ……………… 1 distal
2 postero ……………… 2 proximal
3 ventro ……………… 3 inferior
4 dorso ……………… 4 chest
5 medio ……………… 5 posterior
6 latero ……………… 6 dorsal
7 supero ……………… 7 lateral
8 infero ……………… 8 ventral
9 proximo ……………… 9 anterior
10 disto ……………… 10 cephalad
11 caudo ……………… 11 caudad or caudal
12 cephalo ……………… 12 medial, median
13 thorax........ 13 superior

Med Term Chapter 6 Prefixes and Meanings Sort 4

1 abdomino…………1 large abdomen organs
2 acro ……………… 2 back
3 antero ……………3 back
4 caudo ………………4 unbilicus, navel
5 cephalo …………5 above
6 cephalo …………6 pelvis
7 cranio ……………7 thorax, chest
8 dactylo …………8 front
9 disto ………………9 middle or rear
10 dorso ……………10 toward the head
11 encephalo……11 fingers or toes
12 hernio …………12 closer to the point of attachment
13 infero …………13 side
14 latero …………14 extremities
15 medio ……………15 abdomen
16 omphalo ………16 foot
17 pelvi ……………17 brain
18 peritono………18 towards the tail
19 podo ………………19 peritoneum
20 postero ………20 spine
21 proximo ………21 below
22 soma ………………22 navel, opphal
23 somato …………23 hernia
24 spino ……………24 body
25 supero …………25 head
26 tele ………………26 belly-side; front side
27 thoraco ………27 further from the origin
28 umbilico………28 distant, far
29 ventro …………29 body
30 viscero ………30 cranium, skull

Med Term Chapter 6 Prefixes and Meanings Sort 2

1 antero ………………1 thorax, chest
2 postero ……………2 navel, opphal
3 ventro ………………3 towards the tail
4 dorso ……………… 4 body
5 medio ……………… 5 near the point of attachment
6 latero ………………6 brain
7 supero ………………7 side
8 infero ………………8 back
9 proximo ……………9 peritoneum
10 disto ………………10 extremities
11 caudo ………………11 back
12 cephalo …………12 front
13 tele ……………… 13 body
14 abdomino…………14 above
15 acro ……………… 15 unbilicus, navel
16 cephalo …………16 pelvis
17 cranio ……………17 hernia
18 dactylo …………18 fingers or toes
19 encephalo………19 head
20 hernio ……………20 cranium, skull
21 omphalo …………21 belly-side; front side
22 umbilico…………22 toward the head
23 pelvi ………………23 abdomen 62
24 peritono…………24 foot 75
25 podo ……………… 25 below
26 soma ……………… 26 large abdomen organs
27 somato ……………27 distant, far
28 spino ………………28 spine
29 thoraco …………29 further from the origin
30 viscero …………30 middle or rear

Med Term Chapter 6 Prefixes and Meanings Sort 1

1 antero ………………1 large abdomen organs
2 postero ……………2 back
3 ventro ………………3 back
4 dorso ……………… 4 unbilicus, navel
5 medio ……………… 5 above
6 latero ………………6 pelvis
7 supero ………………7 thorax, chest
8 infero ………………8 front
9 proximo ……………9 middle or rear
10 disto ………………10 toward the head
11 caudo ………………11 fingers or toes
12 cephalo …………12 closer to the point of attachment
13 tele ……………… 13 side
14 abdomino…………14 extremities
15 acro ……………… 15 abdomen
16 cephalo …………16 foot
17 cranio ……………17 brain
18 dactylo …………18 below
19 encephalo………19 peritoneum
20 hernio ……………20 spine
21 omphalo …………21 below
22 umbilico…………22 navel, opphal
23 pelvi ………………23 hernia
24 peritono…………24 body
25 podo ……………… 25 head
26 soma ……………… 26 belly-side; front side
27 somato ……………27 further from the origin
28 spino ………………28 distant, far
29 thoraco …………29 body
30 viscero …………30 cranium, skull

Med Term Chapter 6 Prefixes and Meanings

1 antero ………………1 body
2 postero ……………2 hernia
3 ventro ………………3 fingers or toes
4 dorso ……………… 4 peritoneum
5 medio ……………… 5 pelvis
6 latero ………………6 foot
7 supero ………………7 belly-side; front side
8 infero ………………8 extremities
9 proximo ……………9 closer to the point of attachment
10 disto ………………10 thorax, chest
11 caudo ………………11 further from the origin
12 cephalo …………12 above
13 tele ……………… 13 back
14 abdomino…………14 distant, far
15 acro ……………… 15 front
16 cephalo …………16 large abdomen organs
17 cranio ……………17 brain
18 dactylo …………18 below
19 encephalo………19 side
20 hernio ……………20 navel, opphal
21 omphalo …………21 cranium, skull
22 umbilico…………22 middle or rear
23 pelvi ………………23 body
24 peritono…………24 toward the head
25 podo ……………… 25 back
26 soma ……………… 26 unbilicus, navel
27 somato ……………27 abdomen
28 spino ………………28 spine
29 thoraco …………29 below
30 viscero …………30 head