Med Term Chapter 6 Directional Terms Proximal and Distal

The wrist is ________________ to the fingers
The knee is _________________ to the thigh.
The ankle is ________________ to the toes.
The fingers are ______________ to the elbow.
The toes are _________________ to the knee.
The thigh is _________________ to the ankle.
The fingers are ______________ to the wrist.
The heel is __________________ to the knee.
The forearm is _______________ to the elbow.

Med Term Chapter 6 Directional Terms

1. toward the body surface:
2. toward the midline:
3. downward; toward the feet:
4. away from the point of attachment:
5. tail; toward the tail:
6. front:
7. upward; toward the head:
8. lying face down:
9. within the body:
10. toward the side:
11. lying on back; face up:
12. back side of the body:
13. toward the point of attachment:

Med Term Chapter 6 Notes

Chapter 6 Notes

ilium = bony hip
ileum = small intestine

Cell parts
1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell membrane

Cells:
Symmetric – cells of the body except sex cells
Stem – underdifferential cells that give rise to specialized cells

sex cells(gametes) = eggs and sperm

Tissue 4 types
1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Nerve tissue
4. Muscle tissue

Body System Organs (11)
1. Cardiovascular – circulatory system
2. Lymphatic – protects & gives immunity
3. Respiratory – internal (cells) and external (breathing)
4. Digestive
5. Urinary – kidney, bladder
6. Reproductive – produces offspring
7. Muscular – connected to skeletal
8. Skeletal – connected to muscular
9. Nervous
10. Integumentary – skin, hair, nails
11. Endocrine – hormonal

anatomy – study of structure
physiology – study of function

 
anatomical planes – imaginary flat surfaces used to identify position of the body

PLANES

Position Name Directional
front/back frontal plane front/back anterior/posterior ventral/dorsal

left/right sagittal plane side – lateral

top/bottom transverse plane superior/inferior cephalad/inferior

ventral and antero mean front

anterior/posterior – plane that divides the body – frontal plane
ventral/dorsal – plane that divides the body – frontal plane

superficial – near the surface, closer to the surface. Skin is superficial to muscle
deep – within – opposite of superficial [it’s either on the surface or it’s deep]


POSITIONS
anatomic position – position that a person has while standing erect with the arms at the sides and palms forward
decubitus – lying down

prone – facedown supine – lying on back – face up
pronate supinate
pronation (palms down) supination (palms up)

body is made u of 2 regions: torso and extremities

Abdomen – 4 quadrants

right upper quadrant | left upper quadrant
RUQ | LUQ
|
----------------------+----------------------------
|
RLQ | LLQ
right lower quadrant | left lower quadrant

Nine atonomical positions
 
right hypochondriac |epigastric | left hypochondriac
| |
____________________________|_____________|________________
| |
right lumbar | umbilical | left lumbar
____________________________|_____________|________________
| |
right inguinal | hypogastric | left inguinal
| |

CAVITIES
1. Cranial
2. Spinal Note: cranial and spinal make up dorsal cavity
3. Thoracic [thoracic and abdominal separated by diaphragm
4. Abdominal
5. Pelvic (Note thoracic, abdominal, pelvic make up ventral cavity)
peritoneum lines the belly and every internal organ
parietal peritoneum – (outside) lines abdominal and pelvic walls – outside layer
visceral peritoneum (inside) contains large folds that wear in between the organs binding them to one another and to the walls of the cavity – inside lines of organs
parietinitis - inflammation of parietal peritoneum

NOTE: osis typically means condition but also increased condition

inflammation – tissue reaction to injury recognized by PAIN, HEAT, REDNESS, SWELLING

hypertrophy – size of cells increase
hyperplasia – abnormal increase in number of normal cells (does not mean cancerous)

anaplastic – characteristics of carcinoma

-plasia = development/formation/growth
dys – pain
an ana – without
hypo – below
hyper – excessive
ana – upward, excessive, again

Med Term Chapter 6 Words

1 transthoracic ……………… 1 blue condition of extremities
2 thoracotomy ……………… 2 bones of fingers and toes
3 thoracic ……………… 3 directional term 4 middle side
4 posterosuperior ……………… 4 enlargement of extremities
5 podiatrist ……………… 5 organ enlargement frm increase of cell size
6 plantar ……………… 6 hernia/protusion of umbilicus
7 phalanges ……………… 7 incision into chest
8 peritoneal ……………… 8 increased body temperature
9 palmar ……………… 9 increased growth/increased development
10 oophalorrhexis ……………… 10 inflammation of finger or toe
11 oophalocele ……………… 11 inflammation of the brain
12 oomphaloma ……………… 12 instrument record brain's electrical impulses
13 mediolateral ……………… 13 one who specializes in foot care
14 hypoplasia ……………… 14 pertaining to abdomen & chest
15 hypertrophy ……………… 15 pertaining to both sides
16 hyperpyrexia ……………… 16 pertaining to femor
17 hyperplasia ……………… 17 pertaining to peritoneum
18 herniorraphy ……………… 18 pertaining to sole of foot
19 femural ……………… 19 pertaining to the chest
20 encephalitis ……………… 20 pertaining to the palm
21 electroencephalograph ……………… 21 repair of the hand
22 dermotosis ……………… 22 rupture of umbilicus
23 dactylospasm ……………… 23 situated behind & above
24 dactyloitis ……………… 24 skin condition
25 chiroplasty ……………… 25 suture of a hernia
26 cephalad ……………… 26 through or across chest
27 bilateral ……………… 27 toward the head
28 afebrile ……………… 28 tumor of belly button
29 acromegaly ……………… 29 twitching of a digit
30 acrocyanosis ……………… 30 under development
31 abdominothoracic ……………… 31 without fever

Med Term Chapter 6 Synonyms

1 ventral ……………… 1 abdominocentesis
2 tailbone ……………… 2 coccyx
3 side ……………… 3 digits
4 redness ……………… 4 erythema
5 podogram ……………… 5 finger/toe bones
6 phalages ……………… 6 fingerprint
7 fingers, toes ……………… 7 footprint
8 face up ……………… 8 front
9 face down ……………… 9 front
10 edema ……………… 10 heat
11 dolor ……………… 11 lateral
12 dactylogram ……………… 12 navel
13 chirospasm ……………… 13 neck
14 chest ……………… 14 omphalus
15 cervical ……………… 15 pain
16 calor ……………… 16 prone
17 belly button ……………… 17 supine
18 belly button ……………… 18 swelling
19 belly button ……………… 19 thorax
20 antero ……………… 20 tummy tuck
21 abdominoplasty ……………… 21 umbilicus
22 abdominal paracentesis ……………… 22 writers cramp

Med Term Chapter 6 synonyms sort 2

1 antero ……………… 1 dorsal
2 caudo ……………… 2 superior
3 cephalo ……………… 3 inferior
4 disto ……………… 4 caudad or caudal
5 dorso ……………… 5 anterior
6 infero ……………… 6 distal
7 latero ……………… 7 medial, median
8 medio ……………… 8 ventral
9 postero ……………… 9 lateral
10 proximo ……………… 10 chest
11 supero ……………… 11 cephalad
12 thoraox ……………… 12 proximal
13 ventro ……………… 13 posterior

Med Term Chapter 6 synonyms sort 1

1 antero ……………… 1 ventral
2 postero ……………… 2 lateral
3 ventro ……………… 3 chest
4 dorso ……………… 4 proximal
5 medio ……………… 5 posterior
6 latero ……………… 6 medial, median
7 supero ……………… 7 anterior
8 infero ……………… 8 inferior
9 proximo ……………… 9 distal
10 disto ……………… 10 superior
11 caudo ……………… 11 caudad or caudal
12 cephalo ……………… 12 dorsal
13 thoraox ……………… 13 cephalad

Med Term Chapter 6 synonyms

1 antero ……………… 1 distal
2 postero ……………… 2 proximal
3 ventro ……………… 3 inferior
4 dorso ……………… 4 chest
5 medio ……………… 5 posterior
6 latero ……………… 6 dorsal
7 supero ……………… 7 lateral
8 infero ……………… 8 ventral
9 proximo ……………… 9 anterior
10 disto ……………… 10 cephalad
11 caudo ……………… 11 caudad or caudal
12 cephalo ……………… 12 medial, median
13 thorax........ 13 superior

Med Term Chapter 6 Prefixes and Meanings Sort 4

1 abdomino…………1 large abdomen organs
2 acro ……………… 2 back
3 antero ……………3 back
4 caudo ………………4 unbilicus, navel
5 cephalo …………5 above
6 cephalo …………6 pelvis
7 cranio ……………7 thorax, chest
8 dactylo …………8 front
9 disto ………………9 middle or rear
10 dorso ……………10 toward the head
11 encephalo……11 fingers or toes
12 hernio …………12 closer to the point of attachment
13 infero …………13 side
14 latero …………14 extremities
15 medio ……………15 abdomen
16 omphalo ………16 foot
17 pelvi ……………17 brain
18 peritono………18 towards the tail
19 podo ………………19 peritoneum
20 postero ………20 spine
21 proximo ………21 below
22 soma ………………22 navel, opphal
23 somato …………23 hernia
24 spino ……………24 body
25 supero …………25 head
26 tele ………………26 belly-side; front side
27 thoraco ………27 further from the origin
28 umbilico………28 distant, far
29 ventro …………29 body
30 viscero ………30 cranium, skull

Med Term Chapter 6 Prefixes and Meanings Sort 2

1 antero ………………1 thorax, chest
2 postero ……………2 navel, opphal
3 ventro ………………3 towards the tail
4 dorso ……………… 4 body
5 medio ……………… 5 near the point of attachment
6 latero ………………6 brain
7 supero ………………7 side
8 infero ………………8 back
9 proximo ……………9 peritoneum
10 disto ………………10 extremities
11 caudo ………………11 back
12 cephalo …………12 front
13 tele ……………… 13 body
14 abdomino…………14 above
15 acro ……………… 15 unbilicus, navel
16 cephalo …………16 pelvis
17 cranio ……………17 hernia
18 dactylo …………18 fingers or toes
19 encephalo………19 head
20 hernio ……………20 cranium, skull
21 omphalo …………21 belly-side; front side
22 umbilico…………22 toward the head
23 pelvi ………………23 abdomen 62
24 peritono…………24 foot 75
25 podo ……………… 25 below
26 soma ……………… 26 large abdomen organs
27 somato ……………27 distant, far
28 spino ………………28 spine
29 thoraco …………29 further from the origin
30 viscero …………30 middle or rear

Med Term Chapter 6 Prefixes and Meanings Sort 1

1 antero ………………1 large abdomen organs
2 postero ……………2 back
3 ventro ………………3 back
4 dorso ……………… 4 unbilicus, navel
5 medio ……………… 5 above
6 latero ………………6 pelvis
7 supero ………………7 thorax, chest
8 infero ………………8 front
9 proximo ……………9 middle or rear
10 disto ………………10 toward the head
11 caudo ………………11 fingers or toes
12 cephalo …………12 closer to the point of attachment
13 tele ……………… 13 side
14 abdomino…………14 extremities
15 acro ……………… 15 abdomen
16 cephalo …………16 foot
17 cranio ……………17 brain
18 dactylo …………18 below
19 encephalo………19 peritoneum
20 hernio ……………20 spine
21 omphalo …………21 below
22 umbilico…………22 navel, opphal
23 pelvi ………………23 hernia
24 peritono…………24 body
25 podo ……………… 25 head
26 soma ……………… 26 belly-side; front side
27 somato ……………27 further from the origin
28 spino ………………28 distant, far
29 thoraco …………29 body
30 viscero …………30 cranium, skull

Med Term Chapter 6 Prefixes and Meanings

1 antero ………………1 body
2 postero ……………2 hernia
3 ventro ………………3 fingers or toes
4 dorso ……………… 4 peritoneum
5 medio ……………… 5 pelvis
6 latero ………………6 foot
7 supero ………………7 belly-side; front side
8 infero ………………8 extremities
9 proximo ……………9 closer to the point of attachment
10 disto ………………10 thorax, chest
11 caudo ………………11 further from the origin
12 cephalo …………12 above
13 tele ……………… 13 back
14 abdomino…………14 distant, far
15 acro ……………… 15 front
16 cephalo …………16 large abdomen organs
17 cranio ……………17 brain
18 dactylo …………18 below
19 encephalo………19 side
20 hernio ……………20 navel, opphal
21 omphalo …………21 cranium, skull
22 umbilico…………22 middle or rear
23 pelvi ………………23 body
24 peritono…………24 toward the head
25 podo ……………… 25 back
26 soma ……………… 26 unbilicus, navel
27 somato ……………27 abdomen
28 spino ………………28 spine
29 thoraco …………29 below
30 viscero …………30 head

Med Term Chapter 5 Possible words that may or may not help you - most from chapter

monorail
unicorn
bicyle
dioxide
tricycle
quadriplegic
tetracholride
centimeter
milligram
analgesic
diplopia
hemiataxia
semipermeable
hyperactive
hypodermic
multitude
polyunsaturated
nullipara
pandemic
primitive
superficial
ultrasonic, ultraviolet
abduct, abdominal
adhesion, addiction
anteflexion, anteroom
precancerous
circumstance
peripheral
diaphram
ectopic
excision
exophthalmous
extracellular, extracorporeal
encephalitis
endarterectomy
endoscope
epidermal
hypochondriac
infrapatellar, infracostal
subcutaneious
interval
intracellular, intramuscular, intravenous
ipsilateral
mesonasal, mesoderm
middle, midbrain
mediocre
parallel, parathyroid
perspire, percutaneous
postnasal
retrospect, retrograde
superficial
suprarenal, suprapubic
symptomatic, symmetrical
syndrome
transdermal, transluminal, transurethral, transthoracic
macroscopic
megalith
megalopolis
microtia, microorganism
anteflextion
premenstrual
prostate, prognosis
postanesthetic, postnasal, postmortum
antomic, anaplasia
antiperspirant, antidiuretic
contraceptive, contralateral
bradycardia, bradyphasia
dyslexia, dysphoria, dysphagia
euphoria
maloccusion, malnutrition, malaise
program
tachycardia, tachyphasia
atraumatic, asymptomatic
anhydrous
inhale, inside

Med Term Chapter 5 Notes

ad - bring back - adhesion
ab - away from - abduct

peripheral - pertaining to the outside
perimeter - out boundary of an area
circumduction - draw circle

4 pair of paranasal sinuses
ethmoid
frontal
maxillary
sphenoid

macroscopic - large picture can be seen with naked eye (gross examination)
microscopic - structures so small you have to use a scope to view them

super - excessive, above
supra - excessive, above

reno - kidney
renal - pertaining to kidney

adrenal gland - gland above kidney (suprarenal means same thing)
ad sticks to kidney
supra above kidney


ureter - 2 connects kidneys to bladder
urethra - 1 connects bladder to exernal opening for excretion

Strokes
TIA transient ischemic attack - little stroke
CVA cerebrovascular accident - major stroke

Ears: anotia - without ear; microtia - small ear condition
vestigial - outside of ear like a nub

kinesia - movement; bradykinesia - slow movement; tachykinesia - fast movement

EU = good
euphoria - happiness
euthanasia = painless good death
euthyroid - normal, good thyroid
eupnea - normal breathing

Med Term Chapter 5 A and AN Words

1 ____________________ without water ______ anhydrous
2 ____________________ without development ______ aplastic
3 ____________________ without injury ______ atraumatic
4 ____________________ without symptom ______ asymptomatic
5 ____________________ not typical ______ atypical
6 ____________________ without appetite ______ anorexia
7 ____________________ without nutrition ______ atrophy
8 ____________________ without vessles ______ avascular
9 ____________________ without ear ______ anotia
10 ____________________ without urine ______ anuria
11 ____________________ without speech ______ aphasia
12 ____________________ witout blood ______ anemia
13 ____________________ without fever ______ afebrile
14 ___________________ without breathing ______ apnea
15 ____________________ without growth ______ aplastic
Not discussed:
16 ____________________ without swallowing ______ aphagia
17 ____________________ without bacteria ______ abacterial
18 ____________________ without life ______ abiotic
19 ____________________ without heart ______ acardiac
20 ____________________ without pulse ______ acrotic
21 ____________________ without oxygen ______ anaerobic
22 ____________________ without muscle control ______ akinesia
23 ____________________ without rhythm ______ arrhythmic

Medical Term Chapter 5 Words Match to Meanings Sort 1

1 antipyretic………..............……1 after childbirth
2 bilateral ……….............……… 2 feeling or state of well-being
3 contralateral ……….........…… 3 outside a cell
4 diplopia ………..............……… 4 within skull
5 endocrine …...........…………… 5 fast breathing
6 epigastric ……...........………… 6 agent that reduces fever
7 euphoria ….............…………… 7 outside the body
8 euthyroid ..........……………… 8 behind the nose
9 extracellular …………….....… 9 small ear
10 extracorporeal …………... 10 affecting the same side
11 hypertension ……………… 11 pain affecting many muscles
12 hypodermal …………….… 12 under development
13 hypoplagia ……………...… 13 rapid speech
14 inconsistent …………….... 14 not consistent
15 interrenal ……………....… 15 beneath the skin
16 intracranial ………….…… 16 behind the nose
17 ipsilateral ……….....……… 17 between kidneys
18 macroscopic …………...… 18 to secrete inside
19 microtia …………........…… 19 double vision
20 nullipara ….......…………… 20 first pregnancy
21 polymylagia …………..…… 21 beneath the skin
22 postnasal ………….......…… 22 normal thyroid
23 postpartum ………..……… 23 visible with naked eye
24 primipara …….....………… 24 affecting the opposite side
25 quadriplegia ………….…… 25 both sides
26 retronasal …………....…… 26 paralysis of all 4 extremes
27 subcutaneous …....……… 27 across the skin
28 subdermal ……..………… 28 female never pregnant
29 tachyphasia …..………… 29 increased blood pressure
30 tachypnea …...…………… 30 beneath the skin
31 transdermal ……………… 31 situated above the stomach

Medical Term Chapter 5 Words Match to Meanings

1 diplopia...................................................1 normal thyroid
2 quadriplegia..........................................2 feeling or state of well-being
3 bilateral.................................................3 increased blood pressure
4 tachypnea.............................................4 outside a cell
5 macroscopic..........................................5 agent that reduces fever
6 transdermal.........................................6 outside the body
7 contralateral........................................7 under development
8 subdermal...........................................8 first pregnancy
9 subcutaneous......................................9 after childbirth
10 hypodermal......................................10 across the skin
11 ipsilateral..........................................11 small ear
12 postpartum......................................12 affecting the opposite side
13 tachyhasia........................................13 beneath the skin
14 microtia............................................14 female never pregnant
15 primipara.........................................15 affecting the same side
16 interrenal.........................................16 to secrete inside
17 polymylagia......................................17 within skull
18 euthyroid..........................................18 between kidneys
19 intracranial.......................................19 paralysis of all 4 extremes
20 hypoplagia........................................20 pain affecting many muscles
21 extracorporeal.................................21 beneath the skin
22 antipyretic........................................22 behind the nose
23 extracellular.....................................23 visible with naked eye
24 endocrine..........................................24 beneath the skin
25 hypertension....................................25 behind the nose
26 inconsistent......................................26 not consistent
27 euphoria............................................27 fast breathing
28 nullipara............................................28 both sides
29 postnasal...........................................29 rapid speech
30 retronasal.........................................30 double vision
31 epigastric..........................................31 situated above the stomach

Med Term Chapter 5 Meanings Sort 3

after, behind..............................................half, partly
above, beyond...........................................inside
above, beyond...........................................inside
above, on....................................................inside
across..........................................................joined, together
after, behind..............................................joined, together
against........................................................large
against........................................................large
all................................................................large
around.......................................................many
around.......................................................many
away from.................................................middle
bad.............................................................middle
bad, difficult..............................................middle
before.........................................................near, beside, abnormal
before........................................................none
before........................................................not or inside
before in time...........................................one
before in time...........................................one
behind, backward....................................one hundred
beneath.....................................................one thousandth
beneath, under........................................out, without, away
beneath, under........................................out, without, away
beneath, under........................................out, without, away
between...................................................out, without, away from
double......................................................same
excessive..................................................slow
excessive..................................................small
excessive..................................................three
excessive, more than normal................through
fast............................................................through, by
favoring, supporting...............................toward
first...........................................................two
four...........................................................two
four...........................................................upward, or again
four...........................................................within
good, normal............................................without
half, partly................................................without

Med Term Chapter 5 Meanings Sort 2

beneath, under...........................................two
all .................................................................after, behind
many ...........................................................before
before ..........................................................above, beyond
four ..............................................................not or inside
large .............................................................around
same ............................................................behind, backward
out, without, away from ............................without
large .............................................................middle
half, partly ..................................................before in time
inside ...........................................................middle
before ..........................................................beneath
against .........................................................near, beside, abnormal
without ........................................................upward, or again
bad, difficult ................................................one thousandth
across ..........................................................excessive
joined, together ..........................................bad
between .......................................................small
out, without, away ......................................four
large ..............................................................beneath, under
half, partly ....................................................after, behind
before in time ...............................................out, without, away
excessive .......................................................through, by
slow ................................................................joined, together
inside .............................................................double
middle ............................................................against
toward ............................................................first
favoring, supporting .....................................three
one ..................................................................beneath, under
fast ..................................................................above, on
within ..............................................................excessive, more than normal
excessive ........................................................inside
out, without, away ........................................none
one hundred ...................................................through
many ...............................................................away from
above, beyond ...............................................around
good, normal ..................................................two
four ..................................................................one

Med Term Chapter 5 Meanings Sort 1

behind, backward.......................................before in time
above, beyond............................................across
without........................................................favoring, supporting
through, by.................................................double
two...............................................................excessive, more than normal
not or inside...............................................out, without, away
large............................................................one
before.........................................................before in time
inside..........................................................middle
middle........................................................none
one hundred..............................................through
all................................................................before
excessive...................................................out, without, away
within.........................................................one
three..........................................................one thousandth
near, beside, abnormal............................without
bad, difficult..............................................away from
inside..........................................................against
many..........................................................out, without, away from
beneath......................................................four
excessive....................................................joined, together
two..............................................................large
excessive....................................................good, normal
around........................................................half, partly
after, behind..............................................slow
out, without, away....................................between
beneath, under..........................................middle
same............................................................many
before..........................................................small
upward, or again........................................against
four..............................................................fast
above, beyond............................................large
first..............................................................bad
toward.........................................................after, behind
above, on.....................................................around
joined, together..........................................inside
four..............................................................beneath, under
half, partly..................................................beneath, under